THE USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS’ WRITINGS

This study discovers how cohesive devices used in twelve students’ writing written by four students – two high achiever learners and two low achiever learners – of English Education Program in Indonesian University. With the characteristics of case study approach, the research study applies a qualitative method research design and employs Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy of cohesion framework as a ground theory and a tool for text analysis. The findings show that grammatical cohesive devices are used slightly more frequent than the lexical ones. The students frequently used reiteration followed by reference, conjunction, collocation, substitution, and ellipsis with two general functions; to remind the readers about the topic discussed and to show the position of the author within the text. Furthermore, it is realized that to some extent, the way students use cohesive devices is a little bit different; in which at the final point, high achiever learners tend to use more various cohesive devices than the low ones in maintaining their quality of writing. Keywords: Cohesion, Cohesive Devices, Writing Quality Penggunaan Perangkat Kohesif di Tulisan-tulisan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Penelitian ini mengemukakan bagaimana perangkat kohesif digunakan pada dua belas tulisan buatan empat mahasiswa – dua siswa berprestasi tinggi dan dua siswa berprestasi rendah – jurusan pendidikan bahasa inggris di salah satu universitas di Indonesia. Dengan karakteristik pendekatan studi kasus, penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan taksonomi kerangka kohesi yang diusung Halliday dan Hasan (1976) sebagai teori dasar dan alat untuk menganalisis teks. Temuan menunjukan bahwa perangkat kohesif gramatikal digunakan sedikit lebih sering daripada yang leksikal. Para siswa seringkali menggunakan reiteration diikuti oleh reference, conjunction, collocation, substitution, dan ellipsis dengan dua fungsi umum; untuk mengingatkan pembaca tentang topic yang sedang dibahas dan untuk menunjukan posisi penulis didalam teks. Selanjutnya, disadari bahwa pada titik-titik tertentu, cara siswa menggunakan perangkat kohesif sedikit berbeda; yang mana pada akhirnya, siswa yang berprestasi tinggi cenderung menggunakan perangkat kohesif yang lebih variatif daripada yang digunakan oleh siswa yang berprestasi rendah dalam mempertahankan kualitas tulisannya. Kata Kunci: Kohesi, Perangkat Kohesif, Kualitas Tulisa

Elvetilførsler og direkte tilførsler til norske kystområder – 2016

Project manager Øyvind KasteRiverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters in 2016 have been estimated in accordance with the OSPAR Commission’s principles. Nutrients, metals and organic pollutants have been monitored in rivers; discharges from point sources have been estimated from industry, sewage treatment plants and fish farming; and nutrient inputs from diffuse sources have been modelled. Trends in riverine inputs have been analysed, and threshold concentration levels investigated.Norwegian Environment AgencypublishedVersio

Integrated Water Resources Management: STRIVER Efforts to Assess the Current Status and Future Possibilities in Four River Basins

The contemporary concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) was primarily conceived for the purpose of promoting sustainable water management. There are many elements included in modern IWRM perceptions, e.g., natural resource utilization planning combined with at strategy to balance between social, economic and environmental objectives based on an overall sustainability concept. However, the concept behind IWRM is not new. The historical development of the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) can be found in Rahaman and Varis (2005).Peer Reviewe

Sukkertareprosjektet: Analyse av klima- og overvåkningsdata

Årsliste 2007Klimatiske- og klimarelaterte endringer eller avvik, er analysert med henblikk på årsaks­sammenhenger – både direkte og indirekte - til sukkertarens (Saccharina latissima) bortfall langs sørlandskysten av Norge. Rapporten sammenstiller tilgjengelige miljøovervåkings- og klimadata, og beskriver de største klimatiske og miljø­messige hendelser og endringer i Skagerrak regionen tilbake til 1960. Eutrofiering siden 1980 har sannsynlig gitt sukkertaren tiltakende dårligere vilkår, og høy sjøtemperatur i 1997 kan sannsynlig ha vært utløsende faktor til regionalt tap av sukkertareskog. Climatic variance and related events have been analysed for plausible changes or anomalies in relation to cause-effect (direct and indirect) for the loss of the sugar kelp forest (Saccharina latissima) along the southern coast of Norway. The report compiles existing environmental and climate data, including an assessment of the largest climate and environmental changes back to 1960. Eutrophication since 1980 has probably reduced the conditions for sugar kelp and high sea temperature in 1997 is probably the triggering factor for regional loss of sugar kelp forest.Statens Forurensningstilsyn

Investigation of possible nutrient sources in Estonian rivers

A statistical model MESAW was used to estimate the diffuse emission coefficients of nitrogen in Estonia. This includes analysis of data on loads, point sources, land use types etc. Two studies were conducted to determine the emission coefficients for the whole Estonia and for a smaller study area near Tallinn. Investigations showed that in addition to arable lands, drained peat soils can be a significant source of nitrogen. In fact, our results show that the unit-area loads from drained peat soils may be 1.5 to 2.3 times higher than from arable lands. Additional detailed investigations and measurements are needed to support these conclusions. Comparison of emission coefficients for the whole Estonia and of the Tallinn catchment area indicated that the coefficients can vary significantly between sources and single years. Therefore it is suggested that the sources of nitrogen loads should be defined in a catchment area level rather than a country level.publishedVersio

Life satisfaction among inbound university students in northern Sweden

Will life satisfaction among international students change after having an experience of studying abroad? Some previous studies indicate inequalities and issues of social mobility embedded in international student mobility. International student mobility implies physical movement and new experiences gained while studying abroad. The ubiquity of international students and their generally successful adaptation makes it necessary to understand how they manage to turn a seemingly difficult situation into satisfying adaptation. One area of such concern that this study sought to explore was the students’ level of satisfaction with life. This study investigated the self-reported life satisfaction of inbound university students upon arrival to a university in northern Sweden and at follow-up six months later. After the study period abroad, the students’ levels of perceived satisfaction with their somatic health and activities of daily living had significantly increased. Higher levels, while non-significant, were found for the domains life as a whole, study situation and economy. These findings may indicate that studying abroad could have an impact on students’ reported life satisfaction, which highlights the value of a period of studying abroad. However, when exploring life satisfaction outcomes among internationally mobile students, it seems pertinent to study student mobility within a context. This study mostly targets international student mobility in a Western/European context

Nutrient retention and export to surface waters in Lithuanian and Estonian river basins

Spausdinto leidinio ISSN 0029-1277The statistical model MESAW was applied to simultaneously estimate export coefficients and retention of nutrients in four Lithuanian and three Estonian river basins (range 946–8,388 km2). This modelling approach uses non-linear regression to yield the export coefficients for total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses to surface waters, considering different land-use classes and retention of nutrients in the river network. The model was applied to data from 40 water quality monitoring sites and corresponding sub-basin data on land use, point sources and atmospheric deposition. The results showed that the studied river basins had a high nutrient retention capacity: 67–78 and 24–63% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus inputs remained in surface waters. The estimated retention was large in lakes: 27–59% for nitrogen and 11–31% for phosphorus. In-stream retention was apparently much lower, in the range 11–15% for total N and 3–12% for total P. Retention in lakes was lower in Estonia than in Lithuania due to the locations and smaller areas of the lakes in the Estonian basins. In Estonia, the highest relative retention in lakes was 46% for nitrogen and 35% for phosphorus. In-stream retention was also somewhat lower than in Lithuania, possibly because of the lower temperature in Estonian rivers in summerVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Determinacao de tensoes residuais com aplicacao da extensiometria

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Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2010

Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters in 2010 have been estimated in accordance with the requirements of the OSPAR Commission. With a few exceptions, riverine inputs of nutrients decreased in 2010 as compared to 2009, mainly due to reduced water discharges. Analyses of long-term (1990-2010) trends indicate that nutrient loads have decreased in several of the main rivers. Fish farming continues to be a major source of nutrients to coastal waters. In terms of metals, there was a significant reduction of riverine loads of mercury, and also reductions of zinc and copper, whereas nickel loads increased slightly. Copper discharges from fish farming could not be calculated due to late data deliveries. For the entire period of 1990-2010, riverine metal loads of zinc, copper and lead have been reduced. Inputs of PCBs and the pesticide lindane were, as in former years, insignifican